Yes, up to a point.
If the fuel tank will not allow internal pressure to escape out of a vent and the fuel valve was in the on position the pressure could overpower the float needle valve and cause the carburetor to overfill and flood.
How you got enough to fill up your engine is a bit baffling though. I could see maby 1/4 cup of fuel at the most being forced into a carb with the aforementioned problem.
Considering the volume of fuel you are talking about, that does sound like a dirty or stuck float valve or fuel logged float.
Most fuel tanks these days are vented into a charcoal canister. Any excess pressure is vented to it and the fumes are trapped by the charcoal.