The biggest hurdle is finding the room between the outer edge of the chain and the caliper. If you have a very small sprocket, 28-30T and a 203mm rotor you might make it but anything larger than a 36T sprocket usually doesn't allow for full pad contact with the rotor. A custom rotor mount might work but be ready for some detailed machine work which isn't going to be cheap, to mount the rotor on the pedal chain side.
Good luck.
Tom