Yeah, the purpose of chromium is to replace paint to eye-candy up products.
Usually it is a subordinate (third level element of design) theme. Since the mid sixties color has replaced alot of bright work on automobiles and motorcycles along with the USA's relations with Chile in South America (the worlds longest country) having gone cool. Also chromium plating is a rather dirty process.

The chromium is buffed with several grades of grit adbrasives from coarse to fine
in order to get the mirror like shine. That also is a near impossible surface for paint coatings to stick to. Unless you are going to pull the spokes out of the rim and later relace it.......I'd suggest finding some painted rims to "re-paint" to the color you want. Unless you just want to pull these rims down and make it an October thru April project. Then you could scuff the chrome surface up with very fine sand paper and then use several coatings of metal primer for non rusted surfaces. Some of these are rather "outdoor well ventelated" applications as they use solvents like MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) and sources such as "Rustoleum Industrial Coatings" sells it. You won't find it
in stores selling to the general public.

Two other surfaces....galvanized (zinc coating) and buffed aluminum are also
difficult. Rustoleum Industraial makes "Galvanoleum" (sold in 4 gallon to box lots) thinned with MEK to coat galvanized surfaces so paint will hold to them.
You have 24 hours after priming with it to get your paint (or primer) coating on over it. It's expensive and works. You can buy MEK at Lowes and other such places usually in 1 gallon cans. (you don't want to breathe it)

When painting polished aluminum.......find a can of Lye and mix a strong solution of it in a plastic pail. About a quart or two. Apply it with a brush to the aluminum surface and allow it to sit there a few hours. Then wash it off
completely. You can apply a metal primer after it's dry. The paint will hold quite well after that as the lye etches the surface with micro pits the paint can grip to.

Look for a book in your public library, or book store, titled "Formula's Methods Tips and Data". It's a small thick square book and most builders here would do well to buy a copy. Loads of other usefull info in it too.

There have been some good primers in the past but due to their chemical structure it lead to environmental concerns so it no longer exist. One of the motst durable primers I've ever had pointed out to me was used on those old German made VW cars and vans of the 60's. You'd see them on junk yards with the paint nearly washed off them over time but the primer held far longer than the original paint coating ever did. So that's why I don't advise painting over chromium as the primers just aren't available and would be nearly cost prohibitive now. (or what so many people call "Chrome")